The Godfather
One of the most iconic parts of The Godfather was the use of color. Or rather, the lack thereof. Mainly only dark colors such as blacks and grays were used in association with reds on certain characters like Vito to show their power and dominance.
Through the use of lighting, Godfather was framed with characters in the center or upper left of the frame(when in the position of power), often with the only lighting being on the character shown, with no extra lighting to allow for visualization of surroundings.
Surprisingly, the movie used shadow not only to block out scenery, but also to shade the characters eyes. By allowing shadows to cover the eyes, it created a darker, more sinister feel to the film and what was going on at that point in the movie.
Throughout The Godfather, the movement of the camera is not something most audiences would notice. Unlike in action movies like Batman Begins or Fast and Furious, the camera did not jump around much, and was never shaky. The camera was always stable, and did not move except when necessary to follow moving characters. Personally, I prefer this type of camera movement because it is not something you have to think about. If you can forget about the camera movement altogether, then the verisimilitude of the film is working and you feel as though you are a part of the film.
An extreme close up of Vito was used at the very beginning of the film to describe his character and position within the Mafia. This was incorporated to showing what seems to be the dark and bad side of being a gangster before almost immediately jumping in to "save the cat" moments in order to make the audience root for Vito and his family.
The Godfather was one of the first movies that sympathized with criminals, and did not involve large roles with law enforcement, nor were the mafia characters gunned down at the end of the film. Unlike Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, the "bad guys" got away. They were actually able to achieve their goal. Up until this point in time, criminals were never seen in a positive light and able to get away. The Godfather was able to make history for that and for their use of film noir. Because of the controversial topics and ideals in the film, The Godfather was able to become so successful as to be ranked as one of the best movies of all time.
Internal goals and the theme of a film go hand in hand. Overall, the idea of The Godfather was to keep the family together and that family was above the law. Michael was originally seen as the squeaky clean war hero of the family that had nothing to do with the Mafia. However, when the family needed him, he switch his plans and joined the Mafia directly, eventually becoming the Don of the family.
The external goal of The Godfather is essentially just the plot of the film. It begins with the wedding of Vito's daughter and Vito conducting business with friends and helping Johnny get a movie part. Jack Woltz did not want to give him the part, so the Godfather made an arrangement for Woltz's prized stallion to be killed and for the head to be in Woltz's bed. In New York, Vito disagrees with others who want to get into the drug trafficking business. Because of this, a drive by shooting occurs and Vito gets placed in the hospital. Michael was never interested in the family business prior to this moment, but now steps in to become part of the business full time because his family needs him. After arranging a meeting, Michael goes to the Italian restaurant and kills both Sollozzo and McCluskey. After the murders, Michael flees to Sicily for some time and finds a woman and gets married, only to have the marriage cut short when a car bomb intended for Michael ends up taking the life of his wife instead. Back home, Vito comes home from the hospital and Sonny finds out that Carlo was abusing his sister. He immediately drives over to there home, but is shot and killed at a toll booth. Vito then conducts a meeting with the five families in order to ensure the safety of Michael as he returns home. Upon arriving home, Michael visits Kay and tells her he is working for the family business now and the two are married. Because Michael is the next in line after Sonny's death, he becomes the head of the family and intends to get the family in the casino business. Vito soon passes away and at his funeral, a meeting between the heads is arranged, but Michael knew it was only a set up. So while Michael becomes Godfather to his nephew, the family's henchmen go around and kill all of the other Dons. The movie ends when Kay asks if Michael organized the killings and he says "No", only to almost immediately be greeted as Don Corleone.
Originally Michael's goal was for the family business to become legitimate. However, for someone who has only seen the film this one time, it appears that Michael has gotten caught up with being the Don of the family and the way the family does business. I don't know if he would ever be able to let the power go in order for the business to ever become legitimate.